Главные клятвы джайнизма
May. 5th, 2016 08:09 pmПять главных клятв (махавайям) религии джайнизма, которые предписывают абсолютно не-причинение вреда любым живым существам, включая даже личинки насекомых. Джайнизм появился за 5 веков до христианства, потому получается, что джайнисткая идея абсолютного непричинения вреда древнее христианской концепции милосердия.
| Prakrit, Ardhamagadhi dialect (transcription) |
English |
| paḍhamaṃ bhaṃte mahavvayaṃ: paccakkhāmi savvaṃ pāṇāivāyaṃ, se suhumaṃ vā bāyaraṃ vā tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā, n'eva sayaṃ pāṇātivāyaṃ karejjā, jāvajjīvāe tivihaṃ tiviheṇaṃ maṇasā vayasā kāyasā tassa bhaṃte paḍikkamāminiṃdāmi garahāmi appāṇaṃ vosirāmi... |
The first great vow, Sir, runs thus: I renounce all killing of living beings, whether subtile or gross, whether movable or immovable. Nor shall I myself kill living beings (nor cause others to do it, nor consent to it). As long as I live, I confess and blame, repent and exempt myself of these sins, in the thrice threefold way 1, in mind, speech, and body. |
| ahā 'varaṃ doccaṃ mahavvayaṃ: paccakkhāmi savvaṃ musāvāyaṃ vaidosaṃ, se kohā vā lohā vā bhayā vā hāsā vā; n'eva sayaṃ musaṃ bhāsejjā, n'ev' annehiṃ musaṃ bhāsāvejjā, annaṃ pi musaṃ bhāsaṃtaṃ na samaṇujāṇejjā. tivihaṃ tiviheṇaṃ maṇasā vayasā kāyasā tassa bhaṃte paḍikkamāminiṃdāmi garahāmi appāṇaṃ vosirāmi... |
The second great vow runs thus: I renounce all vices of lying speech (arising) from anger or greed or fear or mirth. I shall neither myself speak lies, nor cause others to speak lies, nor consent to the speaking of lies by others. I confess and blame, repent and exempt myself of these sins in the thrice threefold way, in mind, speech, and body. |
| ahā 'varaṃ taccaṃ mahavvayaṃ: paccakkhāmi savvaṃ adinnādāṇaṃ, se gāme vā nagare vā araṇṇe vā, appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā aṇuṃ vā thūlaṃ vā cittamaṃtaṃ vā acittaṃ vā; n'eva sayaṃ adinnaṃ giṇhejjā, n'ev' annehiṃ geṇhāvejjā, annaṃ pi gēṇhaṃtaṃ na samaṇujāṇejjā; jāvajjīvāe jāca vosirāmi... |
The third great vow runs thus: I renounce all taking of anything not given, either in a village or a town or a wood, either of little or much, of small or great, of living or lifeless things. I shall neither take myself what is not given, nor cause others to take it, nor consent to their taking it. As long as I live, I confess and blame, &c. (all down to) body. |
| ahā 'varaṃ cautthaṃ mahavvayaṃ: paccakkhāmi savvaṃ mehuṇaṃ, se divvaṃ vā māṇusaṃ vā tirikkhajoṇiyaṃ vā, n'eva sayaṃ mehuṇaṃ gacche, taṃ ceva adinnādāṇavattavvayā bhāṇiyavvā jāva vosirāmi... |
The fourth great vow runs thus: I renounce all sexual pleasures, either with gods or men or animals. I shall not give way to sensuality, &c. (all as in the foregoing paragraph down to) exempt myself. |
| ahā 'varaṃ paṃcamaṃ bhaṃte mahavvayaṃ: savvaṃ pariggahaṃ paccāikkhāmi, se appaṃ v bahuṃ vā aṇuṃ vā thūlaṃ vā cittamantaṃ vā acittaṃ vā, n'eva sayaṃ pariggahaṃ gēṇhejjā, n'ev' anneṇaṃ pariggahaṃ gēṇhāvejjā, n'ev annaṃ pariggahaṃ geṇhaṃtaṃ samaṇujānejjā jāva vosirāmi... |
The fifth great vow runs thus: I renounce all attachments, whether little or much, small or great, living or lifeless; neither shall I myself form such attachments, nor cause others to do so, nor consent to their doing so, &c. (all down to) exempt myself. |